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On completion of this training sequence,

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you will be able to discipline yourself
to practice and improve skills,

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like gathering information
and finding shortcuts and shortforms.

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This is the agenda of this presentation.

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I will first look
at how to gather information,

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to then move to creating
shortcuts and shortforms.

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When providing a professional
intralingual subtitling service, 

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it is very important that words,
names and acronyms are spelled correctly.

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Therefore you should prepare
in the best way possible.

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The first step is to get the agenda
or schedule of a meeting.

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Not only will this show
which topic is being presented or discussed,

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but also you can copy the correct spelling
of the names of the speakers.

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In some cases you can also receive
a list of names from the participants.

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For example, this is relevant in a meeting,

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or for an association.

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In case there is a roll call,

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it is also important
to have this list beforehand.

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When presenters are going to read
a speech from paper,

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it is of course very good
to have this speech beforehand.

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You can either have this on paper beside you,

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and you can read it and respeak,

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or you can have it digitally played out.

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For example, if you use some tools,
like Text on Top,

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these will allow you to show the text,

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instead of having to respeak it.

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Secondly, it is good to have
the PowerPoint file available beforehand.

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From these PowerPoints
you can also extract the jargon,

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specific words used during the meeting,

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but also other names and acronyms,
such as those of the affilations of speakers.

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In addition, it is good to see
if this event has taken place before,

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and if you can find
information online about it.

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If not, try to do research
in similar events on the topic.

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When working in an educational setting,
or in a workplace,

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most of the time,

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the service is being provided
to only one person with a hearing impairment.

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As preparation for these meetings,

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it is very helpful if you get more information

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about the content of the lessons
or of the meeting, beforehand.

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In case of education,

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it is usually not so relevant
to indicate who is speaking.

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Usually, this will be the teacher
or the professor,

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and his or her name
is well known to participants.

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When questions or comments come
from the students or audience,

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this can be indicated.

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But this can be a big challenge,

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unless you use a platform

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that already says
who this person who is speaking is.

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In case of a business meeting,
for example, around a table,

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an overview of the people
sitting around this table can help.

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That way, in case of a discussion
or quick change of speakers,

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the speaker can be indicated.

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So that way, it is clear who says what.

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Again, it is good to do research

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on the topic of the lesson
or of the meeting beforehand to be prepared.

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When working more often in certain settings,

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of course you will get
more experience about the topic

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and build up a dictionary or glossary
of the words that are most commonly used.

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For tv subtitling we will only look
at live and semi live programs.

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Preprepared subtitling is out of the scope.

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With semi live programs,

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you are able to receive texts
or videos beforehand.

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So prepare a number of possible subtitles,

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which can be played out during broadcast.

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These could be, for example,
short videos of interviews,

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but also the autocue text
of the newsreader, or scripts,

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which you can use to prepare subtitles.

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From these videos and texts,
you can also collect names and words

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that might be used
in the live parts of the broadcast.

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For sports programs, research can be done
about the specific sport itself.

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It is important to know
how to spell certain vocabulary

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used in that type of sport.

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Of course the spelling
of the people mentioned is very important.

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For news programs, it is important
to keep up to date with the current topics.

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Names and words can easily be researched.

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Make sure you use the same spelling
as your subtitling colleagues.

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For example, using a whiteboard
in the subtitling department,

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showing the current topics
and spelling of names, is very, very useful.

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And as for talkshows,

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it is good to find out
which people will participate in the show

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and do a bit of research
about their background.

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When working as a parliamentary respeaker,

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you are normally working for the same people
that is the members of the parliament.

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These names and the names of their parties,
must be in the software vocabulary

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for the whole duration of the legislature.

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On top of them,
you should also add the names of people

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who work together with the parliament,

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like ministers,
the head of state and the like.

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For each session you always have an agenda.

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The agenda contains the topics
that are going to be discussed.

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Normally, it is a law
to be discussed and voted,

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or the question time with the government.

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Besides the agenda
you always have preparation material,

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like proposals,
a previous parliamentary report,

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the summary report or other annexes.

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Some software programs allow you
to feed them with digital documents,

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and they automatically spot the ones
that are not present in the vocabulary.

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In case your software does not,
you can always do it manually.

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When preparing the software for a conference,

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the respeaker has different tools available.

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The most common one
is to insert new words to the vocabulary.

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This is very useful
when it comes to technical terms,

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or other words
that are not in the software vocabulary,

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like proper names,

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or affiliations,

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or other similar words.

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In the case of a name and a surname,

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I recommend to insert both together,

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as one item,

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to avoid that names
that sound like common words

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like Barry White,

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appear in lowercase.

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Some software program also allow you
to add specific subvocabularies.

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Subvocabularies are very useful
for conference subtitlers,

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who must subtitle a different topic each time.

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When some words
are too similar to existing ones,

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and you fear they are not going to be
correctly recognized by the machine,

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you can always use macros.

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A macro is a word
that you pronounce in a different way,

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to be sure it is correctly recognized.

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For example, pretend you have to subtitle
the CEO of a company

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whose name is 4U,

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spelled in two characters:
the number 4 and the letter U.

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In this case you can add a macro
to the machine vocabulary,

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and associate the name of this company
to a spoken input

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that says "MACROFORYOU".

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Each time you want the name of the company
to appear on the screen correctly spelled,

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you only need to say "MACROFORYOU".

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to have it correctly spelled on the screen.

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You can also use macros
for long formulas that are often used.

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For example, if want to say
"Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II",

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you can create a macro, called macroqueen,

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and have the whole title
appear correctly spelled.

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Similar to a macro is the housestyle.

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A housestyle is the way
our client wants a word to appear on screen.

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In this case,
there are not alternative spellings.

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Only a spelling
that differs to a standard one.

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This is the case of those compound words
that require a hyphen.

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By the time the hyphen normally disappears,

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but for a while the two spellings coexist.

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If a client wants one of these two spellings,

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then you go for that.

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And you can change the word
in the software vocabulary

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to suite the client's needs.

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Finally, if you don’t manage
to have a word recognized as it should be

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because it is too difficult to pronounce,

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you can always think
of personalizing the pronunciation

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by changing the spoken form
the written form of that word is associated to.

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In this videolecture
we have seen some pre-editing strategies,

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or strategies to be applied
before a speech takes place.

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In particular, to avoid
and reduce mistakes during the subtitling job,

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we have seen how to collect
terminological information for each context.

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A tv program, a conference speech,

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a parliamentary session,
a meeting or a school class.

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Then, we have also seen how to create
shortforms and shortcuts in general.